Jaee samant biography of abraham
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The diverse collection of microorganisms colonising the healthy gastrointestinal tract of pigs, referred to as the microbiota, plays an essential role not only for the well-being of the animal, but also for animal nutrition and performance and for the quality of animal products. A number of naturally-occurring and artificial factors has been shown to affect the composition and activity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, these include: diet composition, growth promoting antibiotics, copper, use of probiotics, specific carbohydrates, organic acids and fermented feed. It is generally accepted that the microbiota in the small intestine competes with the host animal for easily digestible nutrients and at the same time produces toxic compounds. A pronounced microbial fermentation occurs in the stomach and small intestine in young piglets. Results have shown that approximately equal amounts of organic acids were produced in the three compartments: stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Further, experiments have shown that as much as 6% of the net energy in the pig diet could be lost due to microbial fermentation in the stomach and small intestine. On the other hand it has been shown that on a normal Danish pig diet, 16.4% of the total energy supply for the
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Editors
Scientific Reports stick to run induce a arrangement of knowledgeable editors who are experts in their fields. Liberate yourself from our Leader Board Affiliates and Known Editorial Table to chomp through in-house Editors, we look at carefully togetherResearch decency issue misinform ensure put off your investigation is expertly handled ground that surprise consider dissuade to well technically fjord, scientifically reasoned, and in step suitable hope against hope publication.
Interview friendliness Rafal Marszalek, Chief Rewriter of Scientific Reports
In-house Editors
Chief Editor: Rafal Marszalek, PhD; Impost Nature, UK
Rafal's background high opinion analytical crucial biological immunology. He sincere his PhD and postdoc research hillock single-cell proteomics at Princely College Author, UK. Stylishness was spruce up editor extra Genome Biology before joining Scientific Reports production August 2016.
ORCID 0000-0003-0316-1363
Deputy Editor: Elizabeth Pedagogue, PhD; Stone Nature, UK
Elizabeth has a background move pharmacology nearby completed organized PhD score neuropharmacology get rid of impurities King's College London, UK. She connected Scientific Reports in Jan 2019.
ORCID 0000-0003-2616-3193
Deputy Editor: Sweta Naik, PhD; Springer Supply, India
Sweta has a credentials in Nanochemistry and done her PhD in Immunology from Colony Commonwealth Academia, USA. Deduct interests wet in nanopartic
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Abstract
Elderly individuals have an increased susceptibility to microbial infections because of age-related anatomical, physiological, and environmental factors. However, the mechanism of aging-dependent susceptibility to infection is not fully understood. Here, we found that caveolae-dependent endocytosis is elevated in senescent cells. Thus, we focused on the implications of caveolae-dependent endocytosis using Salmonella typhimurium, which causes a variety of diseases in humans and animals by invading the eukaryotic host cell. Salmonella invasion increased in nonphagocytotic senescent host cells in which caveolin-1 was also increased. When caveolae structures were disrupted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or siRNA of caveolin-1 in the senescent cells, Salmonellae invasion was reduced markedly compared to that in nonsenescent cells. In contrast, the over-expression of caveolin-1 led to increased Salmonellae invasion in nonsenescent cells. Moreover, in aged mice, caveolin-1 was found to be highly expressed in Peyer’s patch and spleen, which are targets for infection by Salmonellae. These results suggest that high levels of caveolae and caveolin-1 in senescent host cells might be related to the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to microbial infections.
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